Analysis Of Eagle Ford Shale Play - 2337 Words

Eagle Ford Shale Play Introduction Since the beginning of the oilfield in the United States, Texas has been one of the leading states in this industry. In 1866, Lyne T. Barret drilled the first producing oil well at Melrose in Nacogdoches County [7]. From here, more wells were brought in, but the big Texas oil revolution began at a well-called Lucas No. 1. It was here, In Spindle top, Beaumont, where Capt. Anthony F. Lucas drilled the well that would produce 94 percent of the state’s production at the time and produce more than 17 million barrels of oil [7]. Now, 114 years later, Texas has given up another oil field play that will revolutionize the industry. This play is named Eagle Ford Shale. Figure 1 shows where the shale outcrops†¦show more content†¦The pressure and temperature regimes are the driving factors that make this formation produce all the stages of hydrocarbons. This is why oil can be found on the shallower, northern portion of the formation and gas is developed as the formation head s south and becomes prevalent at deeper depths [2]. The discovery of the Eagle Ford was made possible by oil companies being able to drill horizonatl wells and being able to implement the method of hydraulic fracturing. Horizontal wells and fracing is not a common practice in the oilfield, but everyone related shale as being an impermeable rock that was used as boundaries for oil and gas reservoirs. No one thought that the shale itself contained hydrocarbons of great abundance. Shale is great cooking pot for hydrocarbons because the impermeable material traps hydrocarbons in and the temperature and pressure cook the organic material until it becomes hydrocarbons that can be produced. With the big presence of hydrocarbons in the shale, being able to frac the rock in a horizonatl position, gave many companies the surface area needed to cover vast amounts of the formation and produce these hydrocarbons. Hydraulic fracturing is a process used in shale rock (especially in the Eagle Ford shale) where the rock is fractured at different stages of the wellbore to increase surface area and permeability throughout the rock. This technique is accomplished by pumpingShow MoreRelatedFracking : A Reliable Energy Solution1386 Words   |  6 Pagesis called shale. Shale is a sedimentary rock that forms when silt and clay-size mineral particles are compacted. We commonly call it mud and it is in a category of sedimentary rock known as mudstone. Shale is fissile and laminated. Laminated means it has many thin layers. Fissile means that the rock easily splits into thin pieces. Shale is found in many colors but those that are very dark or black contain oil and gas. Conventional drillers look for pools of oil and gas above shale rock. â€Å"TheRead MoreOil And Gas Industry : The United States Government Restricted The Export Of Domestically Produced Crude Oil1385 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent trend of independent EP companies shifting their projects towards North America n shale plays would be accelerated, as the economics would become too attractive in comparison to competing for international projects (Grande 2014). A large part of why the domestic supply has rocketed recently is because of the output from shale plays, primarily the Bakken in North Dakota and the Eagle Ford in Texas. Shale fields typically produce lighter oil, which leads into another point. There is a mismatchRead MoreExternal/Industry Analysis: Workforce Housing in the Oil and Gas Industry2115 Words   |  9 PagesINDUSTRY ANALYSIS 1 External/Industry Analysis: Workforce Housing in the Oil and Gas Industry Steve McKeon Westminster College INDUSTRY ANALYSIS 2 Introduction The external analysis is designed to help companies identify specific trends and events that may have an impact on their business. This concept is not difficult to understand, but many companies have fallen victim to their own complacency. This is why the external analysis is so important and must be evaluated on a regularRead MoreSources Of Oil And Gas Essay1960 Words   |  8 Pagesfor alternative resources of energy. In a volatile oil price movement, unconventional resources are viewed as important and economically attractive for future continuous supply. The impact of US shale gas success has been felt throughout the world. India is known to have good amount of recoverable Shale gas reserves, and if these are commercially and economically produced, it could revolutionize the energy market. It may also provide energy security to India. India is the fourth largest consumerRead MoreCapabilities Of Natural Gas Fracking2222 Words   |  9 Pageshave also been able to do onsite treatment preventing the need for transportation thus aiding the environment. The waste that is processed leaves water that can be used by the public and the waste that can’t be used is used as a filler for other deep shale deposits to prevent contamination. One problem with fracking back then in the 1900’s was that pipes were inefficient with sealing gas leaks which led to environmental contamination. Nowadays pipelines are stronger and have sensors and cameras to senseRead MoreEvaluating The Economic Impacts Of Pipeline Useage On The Texas10470 Word s   |  42 Pagesthat it results in overall cost reduction of oil per barrel. This research introduces a Multi-Objective Linear Programming (LP) Model that represents Texas such that it clusters the oil refineries in a particular area as one and then uses the Pareto Analysis to identify the oil producing districts that contribute to almost 70% of total oil production in Texas with respect to the tradeoffs between the different proportions of pipeline being used from each oil producing districts and supply chain costsRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesLeadership Chapter 2 Organization Strategy and Project Selection 1.4 Projects and programs (.2) 1.4.1 Managing the portfolio 1.4.3 Strategy and projects 2.3 Stakeholders and review boards 12.1 RFP’s and vendor selection (.3.4.5) 11.2.2.6 SWAT analysis 6.5.2.7 Schedule compression 9.4.2.5 Leadership skills G.1 Project leadership 10.1 Stakeholder management Chapter 11 Teams Chapter 3 Organization: Structure and Culture 2.4.1 Organization cultures [G.7] 2.4.2 Organization structure

The Affect of Media Beauty Standards on Womens Self...

The Affect of Media Beauty Standards on Womens Self Esteem In the daily fight for the emancipation of women and the pressures and influence of advertising, women of all ages are coerced into physical and psychological self-torment trying to achieve an optimum look or image. This is something not limited to a few. One can see the work of television advertisers in high schools everyday as girls wear the same clothing, makeup and accessories as their favorite stars. They may also try to imitate models they see in teen magazines. While it is fairly obvious that such a phenomenon exists, what is not so obvious are the detrimental effects. One question looms large. Is self-esteem affected by media? Many think it is. Morant (2000) reports†¦show more content†¦Some magazine editors are not happy with the initiative and a doctor who is also an eating disorders specialist suggests that the roots of the problem go deeper than anything the media might have created (Morant, 2000). It is true that while film and television and advertising influence society, they are also a reflection of it. While that is the case, it also seems as if people, particularly young women have attached themselves to the idea that the superstars as shown on television are near perfect. And while the problem with eating disorders, and Twiggy and Calista Flockhart, is a large part of the self-esteem puzzle, other problems emerge. In many ways, women are portrayed not only as sex objects, but as less than competent. Are there misogynist messages in media and how does that affect self-esteem? By and large, from television shows to film to commercials, women are portrayed in subservient roles. In the ten-year period from 1950 to 1960, mothers had been told, first, that they shouldn’t work outside the home, especially once they were married, then that there was no job they couldn’t do and that it was exciting and patriotic to work outside the home, and, finally, that their real job was to wash diapers, make meat loaf, and obey their husbands non matter how brutish, dumb or unreasonable they were (Douglas 1994). In the 1950s, the womenShow MoreRelatedMedia And Its Impact On Society1696 Words   |  7 Pages Media has an impact on many of the population’s everyday life. It comes to no surprise that the media is closely related with body imaging. There are thousands of advertisements out in the media that depict images of beauty and physical attractiveness which are unrealistic. The masses see these images and think that they are achievable thus lowering the self-esteem of many. Many of these commercials and advertisements fall under the category of the following: weight loss, clothing, cosmetics andRead MoreBeauty : Self Harm For Men And Women1401 Words   |  6 PagesBeauty: Self-Harm for Men and Women Aristotle once said, â€Å"Personal beauty is greater recommendation than any letter of reference.† One of the greatest philosophers recognized the importance of physical attractiveness. Although Aristotle recognized the importance of physical beauty in 300 BC, appearance is still of great significance in today’s culture. Americans idolize beauty because, over the decades, men and women have learned to use their appearance for personal advantage. As a result, the pursuitRead MoreThe Effect Of Advertising On A Customers Self Esteem1497 Words   |  6 PagesThe influence of advertisement on a customer’s self-esteem is a vital issue companies must address when deciding how to present their product to the public. In fact, emotions triggered through branding can greatly impact product sales and customer loyalty (Park et al. 2010 cited in Malà ¤r et al. 2011, p.35). Women in particular are prone to react sensitively when exposed to images of the ‘ideal female beauty’ standard in the media (Pihas et al., 1999, p. 225). Therefore, this essay will examine theRead MoreThe Media Of A Middle School Student1486 Words   |  6 PagesAs a middle school student, I was oblivious to the unrealistic portrayals in the media, but I was not able to escape its harmful grasp. It seemed every girl at the school suffered with body image issues because their perception of beauty is what they had been taught by society. Anorexia and bulimia were far too common, while self-esteem and confidence were very hard to find. Not only were the girls trying to become â€Å"beautiful,† they were also trying to act older than they were. Starting at the extremeRead MoreAdd Cake, Subtract Self Esteem Analysis1263 Words   |  6 Pagesno longer her home. Women had the freedom to vote, work, play, but could no longer be fat. This new beauty standard of thinness affects women in many ways. In â€Å"Add Cake, Subtract Self Esteem† written by Caroline Kna pp, she describes her own personal experience on how this impossible standard affects women’s eating which leads to eating disorders and an unhealthy relationship with food. In â€Å"The Beauty Myth† written by Naomi Wolf, she describes the mental effects on women from a society that uses weightRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Women s Body1102 Words   |  5 Pagesthe largest ethical problems of the 21st century is the way women’s bodies are portrayed in the media. This also brings about an even greater problem; the manipulation of photographs. The media have perpetuated what is the ideal weight for a woman thus creating pressures for women to be that ideal. Are the media acting ethically by inaccurately portraying women? Should pictures that are altered carry warning labels? One of the biggest media industries to blame for the thin ideal representation of womenRead MoreMass Media Affects Women s Body Image Essay873 Words   |  4 PagesMass media affects women’s body image in many ways. â€Å"Media images of ridiculously thin women are everywhere- television shows, movies, popular magazines† (Farrar). Starting at a very young age, girls are exposed to media suggestions about what the â€Å"ideal† female body image should be. â€Å"Concern over weight and appearance related issues often surface early in females’ development, and continues throughout the lifespan† (Serdar). Teenagers often see celebrities, fashion models, and show hosts as roleRead MoreSocio Cultural Morals Of Feminine Beauty1212 Words   |  5 Pagesfeminine beauty are put in all forms of favored media, battering women with images that portray what is advised to be the impeccable body.These morals of beauty are almost completely far-off for most women; a majority of the models advertised on television and in advertisements are below what is considered healthy body weight. Mass media s use of unrealistic models says an implicit message that in order for a woman to be beautiful, she must be unhealthy.The media puts an image of beauty that isRead MoreCosmetic Companies Design Ads Change Women s Attitudes Towards Products Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pagesimportance. Naomi Wolf (2002) stated that â€Å"beauty is a currency system like the gold standard† (p. 12) and in today’s narcissistic society her beliefs couldn’t be truer. Advertisers seeking sales and revenue con tinuously bombard women with ads featuring beautiful women selling cosmetics and other skincare products thereby increasing the pressure put on women to look their best. It is estimated that women in the U.S. will spend 12 to 15 thousand dollars a year on beauty services (Newsom, 2011.) and over 62Read MoreThe Body Image Movement Aims Essay1780 Words   |  8 Pagessuffering from an increase in body self-consciousness as a result of medias role regarding beauty ideals. Researchers have found that women worldwide do not view themselves as beautiful and are consistently troubled about their appearance and concluded that six out of ten girls are concerned about their appearances (Dove 2014). As a result, anxiety and self-consciousness are all contributing factors producing significant health concerns among women (Aubrey 2007). Media has developed a reputation in society

Identity Theft in the United States - 839 Words

In American society, there a fast growing white-collar crime that is becoming more and more popular among criminals. This white collar crime is call identity theft. Thousands of people have their identities stolen every year. Identity theft happen when criminals get a hold and use other people persona information such as credit card numbers, bank accounts numbers, insurance information and social security number to purchase good and other services fraudulently. More than 9 million American are victimizes by identity theft each year. With this number being so high it is evident that identity theft is one of the fast- growing crimes to hit the United State. Three reason why identify theft if being such a fast- growing crime in the United State is because more people credit card information is being stolen, more people are shopping online and more medical information is being stolen. One reason identify theft is being a fast growing crime in the United State is because; more people credit card information is being stolen. Around 10% of American has fallen victims to credit card theft. Around 7% of Americans have been victim of debit or ATM fraud and 12% of the fraud was on internet websites and 10 % was on the telephone. One example of identity theft was eighteen months after moving in with his fiancà ©e Joe Tremba begain to receive collection letter about past due credit card account that have been given to a collection agency. Tremba who always pays his bills on time wasShow MoreRelatedIdentity Theft Paper903 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity Theft and Cards There is many of the America nation that says their identity can’t get stolen, but it can. There is even ways for your identity to be stolen with your credit cards now. Anyone can be the next victim of identity theft. That is why in this research I will tell you how you get identity theft and how to prevent identity theft, because most Americans never know it is happening. Americans need to allow themselves to come to know the cautions of identity theft. There areRead MoreThe Role Of Online Health Records855 Words   |  4 PagesIdentity Theft â€Å"Your identity is your most valuable possession. Protect it.† - The Incredibles Technology in today’s world is forever changing providing individual’s with freedoms they were not able to take advantage of prior to advancements. This can offer many advantages to the average American. The use of online health records is a prime example. Many hospitals are providing online access to a patient’s medical records to provide faster results and quicker response time. Those who receiveRead MoreIdentity Theft Is Not A New Type Of Crime776 Words   |  4 PagesMerriam-Webster defines identity theft as the illegal use of someone else s personal identifying information (such as a Social Security number) in order to get money or credit. The United States Department of Justice says identity theft is, â€Å"The short answer is that identity theft is a crime. Identity theft and identity fraud are terms used to refer to all types of crime in which someone wrongfully obtains and uses another person s personal data in some way that involves fraud or dece ption, typicallyRead Moreâ€Å"According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics Personal Fraud Survey 2010-11, an estimated total1500 Words   |  6 Pagesand over were victim of at least one incident of identity fraud in the 12 months prior to the survey interview..† (Afp.gov.au, 2014) Identity fraud is a type of fraud that involves illegally pretending to be somebody else for a beneficial gain. This can result in emotional and/or financial devastation. This is a very common legal issue facing Australian stakeholders, costing them a total of $1.4 billion AUD to date (Afp.gov.au, 2014). Identity theft has many consequences and issues that are involvedRead MoreSocial Networing Sites: Befriending Identity Theft1126 Words   |  5 Pagesdoes one think that their Facebook site is hazardous to their identity. According to the U.S. Department of Justice, an estimated 11.7 million Americans were victims of identity theft in 2010 (U.S. Dept. of Justice). Identity theft is defined as a crime where someone illegally acquires and utilizes another person’s vital information to deceive for personal gain. That same year, the Federal Trade Commission reported that identity theft crimes cost businesses and individuals an estimated $53 billionRead MoreIdentity Theft Or Identity Fraud1707 Words   |  7 PagesThis problem is known as identity theft or identity fraud. The development and growth of the world wide web and personal computers being have made everyday things easier for everyone, but have also made it easier for criminals to gain access to information needed to steel someone’s identity. This is a crime which cost people thousands of dollars and countless hours of time spent to regain their losses and the damages done by having their life turned upside down by identity theft. Albrecht(2016). ThisRead MoreIdenity Theft Essay1430 Words   |  6 Pagesestimated 11.7 million Americans were victims of identity theft in 2010 (U.S. Dept. of Justice). Identity theft is defined as a crime where someone illegally acquires and utilizes another person’s vital information to deceive for personal gain. That same year, the Federal Trade Commission reported that identity theft crimes cost businesses and individuals an estimated $53 billion (Federal Trade Commission). Most Americans are familiar with identity theft but aren’t well-informed about the influence itRead MoreIdentity Theft And Its Impact On The State Of Florida1276 Words   |  6 PagesIdentity theft is a negative issue in the entire United States, but the state of Florida is where it is most common and where there is the most cases. Due to Florida having the most identity theft complaints, it is important to question just how vulnerable the state is to this form of fraud. However, it is evident that Florida needs to find more efficient ways to limit identity theft drastically, since it has led the nation in identity theft for the past three years. This paper w ill examine the stepsRead MoreEssay about Identity Theft in America1215 Words   |  5 Pagesperson’s identity can be easily changed. Many Americans are effected by this problem today. Citizens, criminals, and the government all play a role in this process. However, many disagree as to whether identity theft should be allowed in our country. Based on the history of identity theft and relationships between American citizens, the government, and this issue, identity theft should be abolished in America. The history of identity theft began around the 1950’s, prior to when our 49th state joinedRead MoreEssay on Lives Ruined with Identity Theft647 Words   |  3 PagesIdentity Theft is a severe and important issue that needs more recognizing than is currently has now. Identity Theft is when mean people go around and try to steal your Identity. If they are successful and have stolen your identity they can buy items and you will be charged. They can also ruin your credit history and reputation with your Identity. Identity theft happens every day and many people are affected daily. If your identity gets stolen it may take years to get all your stuff back. It may

Gender Roles Of An Early Age - 858 Words

In today’s society gender roles are very prevalent. Many people rely on gender on roles to tell them what they are supposed to do. From how they dress, what they eat, who they date, and how they interact with the world. Parents and other family members play a huge role in the gender roles of children. Many young boys are learning to be aggressive at an early age. Their parents are teaching them the basic gender roles of men, and aggression is one of them. â€Å"Boys and girls are dressed differently, receive different toys to play with, and sleep in bedrooms that are furnished differently. The world says that males should be strong, aggressive, and dominant. Then the world says that females should be nurturing, submissive, and supportive. Many people learn gender roles at an early age. For most people, the gender roles follow them into adulthood. Especially in men. Men tend to have more pressure forced upon them to live up to their gender roles. There is way more pressure on boys to be masculine. Most of the pressure comes from their parents. For females people tend to be more lenient if they do not follow the typical role as a woman. Many women began to mimic the male role because it presents power and respect. As stated previously males are typically labeled to be more aggressive than females. Aggression is any behavior intended to harm another individual. It is even presented in all kind of ways. Boys are taught to be like their fathers and be very masculine, unlike girls.Show MoreRelatedGender Roles From An Early Age899 Words   |  4 Pagesand look. Children learn gender roles from an early age, from their parents and family, their religion, and their culture, as well as the outside world, including television, magazines, and other media. A popular TV show called The Middle, tells the story of a working-class family in the U.S, following the daily life of a mother named Frankie who, alongside her husband, Hank, raise their three kids, Axl, Sue, an d Brick. While The Middle is a modern family show, the gender norms and family dynamicsRead MoreHow Are Gender Roles Influenced?1410 Words   |  6 PagesHow are gender roles influenced? Gender roles are a stereotype of what society deems acceptable for boys and girls to behave. The social norms for young girls are for them to like dolls, kitchen play sets and pink, and young boys should like truck, building things and toys tools.(Golombok,1993) When the boys and girls do not match the typical roles they are seen as unusual. At an early age boys are to be seen as more aggressive and dominant and girls are to be seen as dainty and delicate. Some parentsRead MoreGender Roles Of Early Childhood Development932 Words   |  4 PagesGender Roles in Early Childhood Development In a society filled with gender stereotypes, children often adopt gender roles as they move from childhood to adolescence because of the many factors that influence their views to the point they will deny certain roles because it does not fit the gender bias. During the early years, boys and girls will usually be drawn towards gender specific activities. Playing house for example, they little boy will imitate going to work, while the little girl will imitateRead MoreToys Are An Integral Part Of Our Childhood1671 Words   |  7 PagesAs a child grows, they are exposed to a society that expects them to conform to the assigned gender roles and stereotypes. This is mainly done in accordance to their choice of games and toys. Toys are an integral part of our childhood. In some ways, it is the one thing that people from all over the world share in common. As children, toys were a major source of our entertainment and social interaction. However, the booming population of children and the growth of toy industry has resulted in theRead MoreTeaching In A Twenty First Century Society, The Expectation1140 Words   |  5 PagesTeaching in a twenty first century society, the expectation for gender equality is important to provide the proper exposure, understanding, and educate individuals about society’s norms. These expectations that students will need to make acceptable choices for the betterment of their future. Therefore, it is the duty for educators to offer introductions in gender roles, gender stereotypes, and sexism. These are sensitive topics and need to be taught accurately with balanced information and with aRead MoreGender Socialization Through Toys and Sports1147 Words   |  5 PagesGender Socialization through Toys and Sports In today’s society, there are many guidelines of how one should act and be. Gender socialization is the process where people take on notions of gender roles, gender ideas and gender behaviours. At an early age, boys and girls are told how to behave and act according to societal norms of gender behaviours and roles. The comparison of Jane Smiley’s article â€Å"You Can Never Have too Many† and John McMurty’s , â€Å"Kill ‘Em! Crush ‘Em! Eat ‘Em Raw!† provides anRead MoreMale Professional Roles1630 Words   |  7 Pagesultimate aim of this research project is to determine what benefits the male early years professionals can provide for the children and whether they are able to influence the children’s development within the kindergarten. The main motivation for focussing on this topic is because it appears that additional research is required to enable us to determine how male early years professionals assist children’s lifestyle within the early years environment. As a result of this, a number of themes have emergedRead MoreGender Roles : Social Learning Theory And Sex Segregation1190 Words   |  5 PagesGender roles play a huge part in society. Gender plays a role in shaping an individuals identify and beliefs. It also helps identify what is masculine and what is feminine. Certain tasks, duties, and jobs are classified by gender. However, gender appropriate behavior should not be enforced in our society for numerous reasons and can be seen on an individual level and be demonstrated by social learning theory and sex segregation. Within and across different cultures, we can find great consistencyRead MoreTitle. Several Theories Have Arisen In Attempt To Explain1236 Words   |  5 Pagestheories have arisen in attempt to explain the development of gender roles. Sigmund Freud proposed one of the early theories of gender role development. Freud believed that gender role development was shaped early in childhood when children have intimate feelings for their parent of the other sex and resolve the conflict by identifying with the same-sex parent. While Freud may be correct that early childhood is a critical time period for gender role development, there is very little evidence for his theoryRead MoreGender : Sex And Gender Socialization992 Words   |  4 Pages Sex and Gender Socialization Before we learned this chapter, I didn t know that sex and gender are different to each other, all I know is that gender and sex have the same meaning which referred to male and female. Recently, I just learned the difference between sex and gender, which is sex is like our biological difference which what makes people male and female, while gender is what the society reinforces a person to be based on their expectations and behaviors of being a male and female

Personal Values in the Work Place Free Essays

The ten values (both work and personal) that I have chosen are adventure, affection (love and caring), creativity, excitement, friendships, having a family, quality relationships, religion, status, and wealth. Adventure is a component of a valued way of life for me because I feel most alive when I’m taking risks. Bold and risky undertakings are fun. We will write a custom essay sample on Personal Values in the Work Place or any similar topic only for you Order Now Taking chances and daring yourself to push your limits are good for the soul. Creativity is the ability to transcend traditional ideas to create meaningful new ideas! It’s important to me to feel inspired. In the work place, if you use your imagination, you could solve problems that were impossible to solve before. Having a family is a personal value that most people strive for. Families are supportive and will help me in my career. My elder relatives are wise and would advise me in any career move and my younger siblings could cheer for me on the sidelines. Religion does not belong in the work place. However when I spend time in prayer I feel inner peace, which in turn effects my work overall. Religion is a form of mediation for me. Spiritual-mindedness in my personal lives helps me in the work place. Wealth is something from the workplace that will greatly effect my personal life. With a plentiful amount of wealth, my family can feel secure and will be able to focus on other things in life. I don’t want lack of money to prohibit anything in my life. How to cite Personal Values in the Work Place, Papers

4 Marks of the Church Free Essays

â€Å"A reaction paper on the four marks of the Church† There are a lot of different existing Churches worshiping the same God, who are trying to follow the way that Christ lived. But for the people to distinguish the Roman Catholic Church from all the other Churches there are these four marks of the Roman Catholic Church that was given so that the distinct characteristics of the Church would be evident to the people. These characteristics are, the Church is One, the Church is Catholic, the Church is Holy and the last one is the Church being Apostolic. We will write a custom essay sample on 4 Marks of the Church or any similar topic only for you Order Now As we progress through this paper, each of these four would be discussed based on how I have understood about this topic which was discussed in our class. Some additional information based on my further research regarding the topic may also be injected to further enhance my reaction regarding the topic.The first mark that distinguishes the Roman Catholic Church from other Churches is the Church being one. The Church being one pertains to being a unified community. The Church being one means that the Roman Catholic Church is one body of Christ that functions as a unit, which means, that if one does not do its function, all the other people of the Church would fail to function properly because they all belong to a single body. It also means that the Church believes in one God, and that there is one Lord, one faith and one baptism. Though people belonging to the Roman Catholic Church belongs to different nations, are of different vocations, have different talents and follows different cultures, the diversity found in this church does not prevent the people to act as one community where there is harmonious unity. This oneness is also visible in the Church’s creed and other teachings, and so as in the celebration of the sacraments. Basically the Roman Catholic Church is considered one because of three reasons, namely, its source, its founder, and because of its soul.The Church is said to be one because of its source which is the Holy Trinity, which is a perfect unity of three divine persons, Father, Son and the Holy Spirit. The next reason is because of its founder, who is no other than Jesus Christ, who gathered and united the people through salvation from sin. And the third reason is because of its soul, which is the Holy Spirit, who resides in the souls of the faithful and unites them in communion. The Church being Catholic is the next characteristic that was given to the Roman Catholic Church. The term â€Å"Catholic† which means Universal could actually explain this trait by the word itself. It simply says that being one body of Christ is nit limited by race, culture, and not even by time. It means that anybody could become a part of the Church at any given time. This also states that the Church here on earth is also one with the Church in heaven and also the Church in purgatory. This is where the understanding about the communion of saints came from.It shows the union of the faithful here on earth to the union to the faithful in purgatory and those who are faithful in heaven, thus, making the Roman Catholic Church, universal. The third mark, which is the Church is Holy signifies the Church being special. The word â€Å"holy† means set apart which only shows that the Church has a special purpose by and for God. The Church is also marked as holy because people are freed from original sin through baptism. The church is also marked by outstanding holiness shown in the lives of saints.Since the members of the church are human beings, it is only normal that they would sin due to their human nature, which is the opposite of being holy. But, people who are faithful who sin would repent whenever they sin which is the path through holiness. The Church is also holy because of its source who is the Lord who is holy. Through the Church’s teachings, worship and prayer, and good works, the Church is a visible sign of Holiness. The last mar is the fourth mark of the Roman Catholic Church which is the Church is Apostolic.From its root word â€Å"apostle† we could derive that the Church was entrusted by its founder (Jesus Christ) to the apostles who served as the first bishops and entrusted special authority to St. Peter, who is the first pope and bishop of Rome. Through the apostles, the Church continued on and this authority over the church was handed down to each generation through what we call the apostolic succession. There are no bishop, priest, or deacon in the Church that was self ordained.Each one of them was called by the Church and ordained into what we call apostolic ministry which is given to us by the Lord to be exercised by the Church in one with the Pope. The Sacred Tradition and Sacred Scripture of the Church was also passed down and preserved by apostles under the guidance of the Holy Spirit. These four marks, namely, the Church is one, holy, catholic and apostolic are indicators that the Church is the Roman Catholic Church. Other churches may also reflect some of these marks but it is only the Roman Catholic Church who fully professes these marks.Though the four marks are different, they are all interconnected to one another. The Church is catholic because it is universal, that is the reason why it is also one. The church acts as a community that is why it acts in unison, but, its actions are all based on holiness because the Church being one shows that it is the one body of Christ which follows one head who is also the founder of the Church who is Christ. The people of the Church know the responsibilities that Christ left them because of the Sacred Scriptures and Sacred Traditions which was passed down by the apostles.To lead the people, Christ also entrusted the authority to His apostles and entrusted St. Peter special authority over the Church. This said authority is followed and passed down to the future generations through what we call apostolic succession. This said example is only one of the many ways on how these four marks are interrelated to each other. And the full work and manifestation of these marks as a mission sets the Roman Catholic Church apart and identifies them from the other Churches. How to cite 4 Marks of the Church, Papers

Running Header Finance

Question: Discuss about the Running Header for Finance. Answer: Level of significance are 90%, 95%, 99% Type I error Data analysis Deviation and spread P value Null Alternative hypothesis; Null hypothesis It means that there is substantial evidence against the null hypothesis and we reject it at 5% Age, sex, income, occupation It is used to emphasize that the data mining or finding data to prove a hypothesis but it does not mean that observational data is enough to infer the causation. To prove the hypothesis one must have experimental data which can lead to infer the causation. a Data Integration: collect data from all the different sources. b Data selection: Select the data which will be useful for mining c Data Cleaning: Remove the error in the data selected d Data Extraction: Extracting relevant information from the data e Data Interpretation: Interpreting the results obtained. a Clustering b Regression c Decision trees d Neural network e Genetic Algorithm Data Mining Data Mining Big data Randomized response Correlation regression Selection Selection Interview and survey The data selected can serve the purpose for which it is selected A representative sample is a small amount which represents the characteristics of the larger entity accurately. The researcher can avoid bias by Doing a preliminary research and asking open ended questions Clearly outlining the population for which the study is to be conducted The researcher should have complete understanding of all the statistical techniques before starting the research. The consequence of improperly collected data are The researcher will not be able to answer research questions inaccurately. The researcher will not be able to repeat and the validate the study The researcher will lose trust and will not be consulted for further studies. Data selection is dependent on purpose for which data will be used, potential reuse, timeframe for which the data will be used, budget for data selection. References Data Mining. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://dataminingwarehousing.blogspot.in/2008/10/data-mining-steps-of-data-mining.html Representative Sample. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/representative-sample.asp https://fluidsurveys.com/university/tips-for-overcoming-researcher-bias/ Tips for Overcoming Researcher Bias. (2013) . Retrieved from https://fluidsurveys.com/university/tips-for-overcoming-researcher-bias/ Five steps to decide what data to keep. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.dcc.ac.uk/resources/how-guides/five-steps-decide-what-data-keep

The Churches View On Abortion Essay Example For Students

The Churches View On Abortion Essay Abortion is a very controversial subject that has been continually argued over for the past few years and probably many years to come. The main controversy is should abortion be legalized? Abortion is the destruction of the fetus or unborn child while the child is still in the mothers womb. This can be done by almost anyone from the mother herself to back alley abortions and even to abortions by clinics set up especially for this purpose. There are two sides to this abortion topic the PRO-LIFE which is those who are against abortionand the PRO-CHOICE or those who believe it is the womans right to choose if she wants to have an abortion. These two groups offer different solutions to problem. The pro-life solution is to have the child and basically live with it; they believe abortion is not an answer. The pro-choice solution is abortion because of reasons they feel are appropriate. Although our Catholic faith dictates that abortion is morally and ethically wrong, should it be legal for victims of rape or incest who have no other alternative? There is no real answer to this controversy, there are two sides to it though which have been arguing for many years over the subject. The Bible says very little on abortion, and this silence difficult to understand, because abortion was widely practiced during New Testament era in the Middle East. The Assyrians had a law concerning self-induced abortions as far back as the 12th century BCE. Despite the Bible failing to condemn the practice of abortion, it does place great emphasis on the value of life and on the worth of the fetus. Luke 1:42.Blessed art thou among women, and blessed is the fruit of thy womb. This statement by Elizabeth might imply that the pre-embryo that Mary was carrying is a child. Otherwise, she would have said blessed will be the fruit of thy womb. Luke 1:41 states when Elizabeth heard the salutation of Mary, the babe leaped in her womb. Elizabeths fetuswas in an advanced stage of pregnancy. This verse states that she was in her 6th month, at a timewhen the fetus is probably viable. The verse might be intended to imply that a 6th month fetus has some degree of awareness of its environment, is capable of living independently, and should be considered as a pre-born human worthy of protection. It says nothing about a first trimester fetus without a functioning brain, consciousness or nervous system. This passage might be used toargue against the morality of a third-trimester abortion. One the other hand, the bible also can be interpreted as saying that abortion is ok. The dominant argument for pro-life is that a fetus is living, and therefore has a soul. Ezekiel 37:8-10 tells how Ezekiel was taken by the Lord to a valley which contained many dry, human bones. As he was prophesying, the bones came togethertendons and flesh appeared on them and skin covered them, but there was no breath inthem. That is, they looked like humans, but were in fact dead because they had no breath. He proph esied and breath entered them; they came to life and stood up on their feet The implication of this passage is that an apparently fully formed human is not a living person until itbreathes. This would seem to imply that a fetus is not alive until it takes its first breath, after birth. One the whole, the Bible takes no dominant stance on abortion. A large percent of both pro andanti abortion material found in the Bible is open for interpretation, further confusing the issue. After researching about abortion the solution that I find best fit to the abortion controversy is that although abortion is morally and ethically wrong there is no real alternatives for those who are victims of rape or incest. That is why the best solution to this controversy is to legalize abortion for those who are victims of these awful crimes. Although pro-life and victims of rape and incest state that abortion adds to the pain of these crimes, there is no other real solution. Most victims would agree that i t would be better to suffer through the pain of abortion than to have to live with a deformed child or even worse a child that is not really your own as a product of rape or incest. Victims of these crimes also report feeling dirty, guilty, sexually violated and have low self esteem. But is that as bad as having to be constantly reminded of the traumatic experience you went through everyday you see your child? Your child is a victim too! But the most obvious reason is the fact that a victim of rape or incest was violated against her will. She did not ask for it, and does not deserve it. She should not then have to deal with the child if she does not want to because it may lead to further complications for the victim and child. By further complications I mean mentally, physically, and emotionally. Many victims often go through long periods of depression when they are forced to keep the child because it often stirs unwanted memories. This is why abortion should be allowed or legal for those unfortunate few who have no other choice but to have an abortion or live with this great burden. Abortion on the other hand should not be legal for all. When a person chooses to have sex she is taking a chance. This she does of her own free will, and she has control over what she is doing. This is the total opposite of the rape victim. If a person decides to have sex whether it is safe or not, what happens after that is her responsibility as well as his. And if you are going to chose to participate in this risky and unsafe practice then you must be ready to pay the consequences. I also believe that a fetus is still a child contradictory to the beliefs of the Pro-Choice. I think that when two people create something like a child, even if it is as small as a fetus it should still be considered a child because it is a living breathing organism made by the two people. I think that even a fetus has rights to a good life, love and happiness no matter how small it is and no one shou ld be able to take that away from him. Therefore my solution to the abortion problem is it should be legal for only those who are victims of rape or incest if they so chose to have an abortion, but should be illegal for those who are not victims because they chose to do what they did and they must deal with what they have created. 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Mary Shelleys Frankenstein an Example of the Topic Personal Essays by

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Every literary piece that a writer creates is unique in its own way. This uniqueness could be attributed from the writer's style of writing, the topic being explored, and most especially the inspiration or driving force that enables the writer to create a particular work. Inspiration could come from many means and one dominant factor that influences a writer is his/her family background and experiences in life. This thinking holds true in the situation of Mary Shelley. Need essay sample on "Mary Shelley's Frankenstein" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Mary Shelley is the author of the famous book Frankenstein that is responsible for her instant popularity as a writer. The driving force that aids her in the creation of this book is based upon her interaction with the people around her. The influences of her parents way of thinking as well as her husband inspired her to the creation of Frankenstein. To be able to fully understand this, a narration of her life and a summary of the novel are needed. Mary Shelley is born on 30 August 1797 at Somers Town, Great Britain. She is the only daughter of two popular personalities, the feminist Mary Wollstonecraft and the philosopher William Godwin who have been well-known thinkers during their time. Her mother died due to complications after giving birth to her. This is the reason why she was raised by her father and her stepmother whom she hated very much. She acquired education primarily at home where she follows her father and mother's ideologies. Besides the formal instruction that she had, she also experience interacting with her father's famous friends. Intellectuals ranging from poets and philosophers to scientists (The Literature Network). During the age of sixteen she met the poet Percy Bysshe Shelley, who has been a loyal fan of his father's philosophical beliefs. Percy Shelley later on became her romantic interests despite her father's contentions about it because of the fact that Percy was already married to someone else. The two eloped and went to Europe with Mary's step sister in tow. They returned in September 1814. Mary Shelley still feels the wrath and disapproval of his father for what she did. The situation was even aggravated by the fact that she was unmarried and pregnant. Years later, when she returned to England after staying in Italy, Mary still bears the disapproving looks of other people because of her actions that are against the usual norms back then (The Literature Network). In the year 1816, the couple went abroad again in Geneva to meet with Byron. During their stay there, Byron suggested that they all write a ghost story. It is during this time that the story of Frankenstein was born. This story that Mary Shelley wrote was later published as a novel. Later on at that same year, Percy's wife committed suicide by drowning herself, which is why Percy and Mary's wedding took place in December. The last years of Mary's married life are characterized by tragic incidents. She lost her half sister as well as two of her children. This eventually becomes the reason of her depression but the born of Percy her only son and surviving child helped in making her condition better. The married couple moved to Italy. Unfortunately, Mary's husband died during a sailing trip. In order to keep the memory of her husband alive, she published several editions of his writings. She also continued creating her own novels but none equalled the popularity that her Frankenstein novel achieved (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley). Mary spends the last years of her life with her son and two good friends. She tried to live a simple life that could give her the freedom she never experienced by having such popular parents. She still holds dear her liberal perspective about life but she toned it down to be able to fit in a conservative society that she is in (Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley). Mary Shelley's Frankenstein revolves around the story of a young Swiss student named Victor Frankenstein who discovers how to give life to inanimate objects through his meticulous studying and experiments. He was able to produce a creature by assembling various body parts of different people. This entity that he made was almost similar to a human being but it is far bigger and stronger. Upon the moment that this creature opened his eyes, Frankenstein realized that he actually created a monster. It was also this same demon who murdered his brother, which made Frankenstein realized the mistake he has done (Frankenstein). The creature has to endure a very cruel life after he left Frankenstein laboratory. He experienced being insulted, attacked, and mob by the villagers who were terrified by his grotesque appearance. After experiencing such cruelness, he decided to look for his creator. In doing so, he met his younger brother. After establishing the man's relation with his creator he strangled him to death. When the monster and his creator meet once again, the only request of the creature was for Frankenstein to create a female being with that would be his companion. Frankenstein was hesitant at first but the monster managed to convince him. As he was in the process of creating the monster's female counterpart he started questioning the choice that he made. He was afraid that these creatures might produce a whole race of monsters. When the monster returned to update his progress, he decided to destroy his female creation. The monster cries out in rage and promised that he would be present at Frankenstein's wedding day (Frankenstein). Frankenstein believed that during his wedding day the monster would kill him. However, he was mistaken as her soon to be wife, Elizabeth was the one murdered by the monster. He vowed revenged and started his search for the monster until he found himself in the Arctic region. It is in this place that he met Walton whom he narrated all the incidents that took place. Frankenstein asked Walton to kill the monster if ever he failed to do so due to his worsening condition. Eventually, Frankenstein died due to his illness. After his death, Walton found the monster at the side of Frankenstein's body wherein the creature tells the hardships that he had encountered. The death of his creator made the monster realized that it is also time for him to rest in death as well. Finally, he left the side of creator and disappears in the darkness (Frankenstein). The novel Frankenstein is a product of the literary lifestyle of Mary Shelley in a sense that her life heavily influences the creation of this novel. Shelley's home schooling that greatly focused on the literary works of both her parents enabled her to put their philosophical views in her work. William Godwin, Mary Shelley's father is one of the forerunners of anarchism. He believes in the idea that the evil actions of human beings are only influenced by the corrupt environment that they are in. There is no such thing as innate values or vices; these are just merely acquired through the experiences of human beings in their life history. Being the case, if inpiduals would act accordingly to what they deem as right this would eventually be beneficial for the whole community as well (William Godwin). This is greatly seen in Frankenstein. She points out that the state of the society during the time of the monster's creation greatly influenced who he has become. He was exposed to the cruelties and harshness of society. They immediately judged him based on his appearance and was treated badly because of it. He was not even given the chance to prove himself or established the kind of identity that he wants. Being the case, he acquired this inhumane treatment that he saw in his surroundings and thus also influenced him to commit murderous acts. Shelley also highlighted the idea that it is not the creature's fault that he eventually became a monster but rather the blame should be upon its creator. Frankenstein has too much expectation upon his creation that was not met by the monster when it came to life. Then, he just decided to leave him and eventually the monster has to wonder on his own in the unfamiliar world that he is in. Lacking the guidance or direction of his creator the monster eventually acquires the wrong doings of the people around him. Similarly, Mary Shelley also experienced the same thing because of the high expectations that she has to endure by having two well-known people as her parents. Moreover, the death of her mother also affects her growth. During her childhood nobody guided and nurtured her because her father didn't really have time for her and she resented her stepmother. Losing her mother was also one of the reasons why she felt confused during the early parts of her life. The feminist perspectives of her mother also influenced Shelley to make the importance of females in our society felt in her book. This is seen in her novel through the reaction of Victor Frankenstein while his creation was coming into life, which is very similar to the idea of giving birth. This symbolizes the miscarriages that Shelley has to go through. This also evoked the guilty feeling within her because of the death of her mother due to giving birth to her. Another point that Shelley emphasizes is the idea that ones' identity could be lost when he/she is overpowered by his/her environment. The creature was called by various names by the people around him like monster or the demon. He did not have a name of his own that is uniquely his. This symbolizes the idea that the identity of a person of who he or she would become is often dictated by the society. The norms, values, perceptions, and even the biases and stereotypes that are present within it could very much influence a person. This is exactly what happened when the creature eventually became the monster that the people think he is. Furthermore, the novel also served as a warning in the inpiduals' maximization of potentials through rational thinking. It is during the age of industrial revolution that this novel was made. The lesson that it wants to impart is that people's over utilization of science could in fact have adverse consequences just like what happened to Victor Frankenstein and the monster that he created. Lastly, this novel embodies Mary Shelley's liberalism. She also put into discussion different contemporary issue like the industrial revolution, the corrupt society, as well as the feminist idea that gives due importance to women. Being the case, Mary Shelley proved that she indeed goes beyond societal norms. This is not only reflected in her written works but its very embodiment is seen in her way of life. The kind of lifestyle that fights for what she wants like what she did when she eloped with Percy Shelley and is again proven when she stand up against the disapprovement of the people around her. Mary Shelley tries to be what Frankenstein's creation failed to do and that is to establish ones' identity amidst the dictate of society. The life of a writer affect the outcome of his/her work. Mary Shelleys life history enabled her to create not only a popular novel through Frankenstein but also a narration of her own experiences. This book holds in it a piece of Mary Shelleys very existence. Works Cited Frankenstein. 2008. My Hideous Progeny: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. 19 May 2008 Merriman, C. D. Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. 2006. The Literature Network. 19 May 2008 Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley. 2008. My Hideous Progeny: Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. 19 May 2008 . William Godwin. 20 May 2006. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. 20 May 2008 http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/godwin/>.

The Mirror with a Memory Essay Example

The Mirror with a Memory Essay I read an essay, The Mirror with a Memory written by James West Davidson and Mark Hamilton Lytle.As a photography student, I find this essay very interesting. It does make an impact on me in some ways.For many years, people were debating the issue about whether or not photography is art?I feel that this essay did help my perception in considering photography as an art or not.The main idea of the essay is that pictures present a distant meaning to a story and have an impact on the audience while showing a picture of reality. Sometimes, written history is not necessarily that important in the history of photography.The bodies of paragraphs will point out the importance of history of immigrants during that period such as, how does muckrakers such as Jacob Riis make an impact on journalist history during late 1800s and early 1900s, the assumption on Old immigrants vs. New immigrants, and lastly, my opinion with The Mirror with a Memory. During the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were about 2 million immigrants who arrived in New York City.This caused a lot of poverty problems in terms of quality of life in New York City. There also were a lot of problems in another American cities as well. Epidemics such as typhus, scarlet fever, cholera, and many more spread through the cities.There was a lack of indoor plumbing and running water.The countless list of problems that new immigrants faced every day in their lives almost destroyed their dreams of pursuit for happiness, wealth, and better lives.It was said that realtors renovated many mansions of the rich so they were able to put as many families as they could in one mansion.This shows the hardship in each Americans daily lives as every family member, from children to adults, had to work so hard to support themselves.The essay, The mirror with a Memory vividly describes how they actually

What to do about the drunk driver. essays

What to do about the drunk driver. essays We are not going to stop people from drinking, so the goal is to stop those that have been, from driving. The most effective means of accomplishing this is to create a negative public perception of the act as being socially unacceptable, much as has occurred with cigarette smoking over the past ten years or so. We need to concentrate on educating our youth to the dangers of drinking and driving, and make the completion of such education a stringent requirement of obtaining a drivers license. This emphasis on prevention of the problem by changing attitudes would yield the greatest long-term results. I believe the existing laws are sufficiently clear and fair enough to effectively address the issue from a legal standpoint. There should, however be some modification of the existing enforcement and penalties in order to strengthen their deterrent effect. The severity of punishment should be to the extent that non alcohol-dependent individuals would not be willing to take the risk, and in fact take precautionary actions to avoid the possibility. After the first offense, a comprehensive evaluation should be made of each person convicted of DUI, as to whether they fit pre established criteria that indicate a probability they are alcohol or drug dependent. I dont think the thought of potential consequences has much effect on an alcohol-dependent person, and any person identified as such should not be allowed to regain a drivers license without substantive evidence of successful abstinence and recovery. The burden of proof should rest on the offender, in order for them to ever regain a license. An individual deemed non alcohol-dependent would have their license suspended for a specific period. Both categories would also face jail time and fines. Conviction of a second offense would carry an automatic assumption that the person wa ...

Free Essays on The Tall Stranger

The Tall Stranger The Tall Stranger was written by Louis L’Amour. The Tall Stranger was written in 1957. Louis L’Amour is one of America’s favorite storytellers. He has thrilled the nation in his stories with his way of bringing to life brave men and women who settled in the American frontier. The Tall Stranger is a story about a stubborn man named Rock Bannon who saved eastern breed settlers from Indian attacks and Mort Harper, a fast talking crook. The book takes place mostly on a trail drive and the new settled town Poplar. Which lies in Hardy Bishops territory called Paradise Valley. The book never gives a specific time date that the book takes place but you can tell by the descriptions of the clothes and other clues that it is probably early to late 1800’s. The main characters in this book include Rock Bannon the protagonist of the story. He was a man that kept to him self only really talking to one other individual named Sharon Crockett. Crockett was a rock solid woman having to take care of her dad who had recently been shot in an Indian raid. The other main character is Morton Harper the antagonist of the story a persuading individual who cons the settlers into taking the trail he wants them to take to make a town. The book starts you off on a trail drive to what is now known as California. Along the trail they meet up with a man by the name of Mort Harper who persuades them to take a different trail then at first they had intended. Bannon warns them of the trail and what it is like. He warns them that they would have to go through Hardy Bishops land a rough old settler who owns Paradise Valley. But they ignore Bannon seeing as how he is an outsider on the trail drive. They decided to take Mr. Harpers trail seeing that it would cut there time in half on getting to their final location. After a few weeks of the trail Harper suggests to the settlers that the should just settle here because the land is ni... Free Essays on The Tall Stranger Free Essays on The Tall Stranger The Tall Stranger The Tall Stranger was written by Louis L’Amour. The Tall Stranger was written in 1957. Louis L’Amour is one of America’s favorite storytellers. He has thrilled the nation in his stories with his way of bringing to life brave men and women who settled in the American frontier. The Tall Stranger is a story about a stubborn man named Rock Bannon who saved eastern breed settlers from Indian attacks and Mort Harper, a fast talking crook. The book takes place mostly on a trail drive and the new settled town Poplar. Which lies in Hardy Bishops territory called Paradise Valley. The book never gives a specific time date that the book takes place but you can tell by the descriptions of the clothes and other clues that it is probably early to late 1800’s. The main characters in this book include Rock Bannon the protagonist of the story. He was a man that kept to him self only really talking to one other individual named Sharon Crockett. Crockett was a rock solid woman having to take care of her dad who had recently been shot in an Indian raid. The other main character is Morton Harper the antagonist of the story a persuading individual who cons the settlers into taking the trail he wants them to take to make a town. The book starts you off on a trail drive to what is now known as California. Along the trail they meet up with a man by the name of Mort Harper who persuades them to take a different trail then at first they had intended. Bannon warns them of the trail and what it is like. He warns them that they would have to go through Hardy Bishops land a rough old settler who owns Paradise Valley. But they ignore Bannon seeing as how he is an outsider on the trail drive. They decided to take Mr. Harpers trail seeing that it would cut there time in half on getting to their final location. After a few weeks of the trail Harper suggests to the settlers that the should just settle here because the land is ni...

Advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites Term Paper

Advantages and disadvantages of social networking sites - Term Paper Example Social network sites are web-based services that enable an individual to create a public or a semi-public profile inside a bounded system,communicate with other users by sharing a connection with them,and view as well as traverse their and also those created by others list of connections . Since the beginning, social networking sites (SNSs) such as Facebook, MySpace, Bebo, Cyworld, LinkedIn and others have fascinated millions of users, a number of whom have incorporated these networking sites into their every day life. These SNSs have transcended beyond global borders and have spread across in several forms, supporting an extensive range of practices as well as interests. The key technological features provided by these sites have been observed to be quite consistent, but the culture that generally emerges around the SNSs is primarily varied. These sites enable people to connect with strangers as well as known individual by the virtue of shared interests as well as activities and pol itical views. A few sites cater to varied audiences, whereas others draw people based on shared sexual, racial, religious as well as national identities or common languages. These social networking sites vary in the level up to which they include new communication and information tools, such as blogging, mobile connectivity, and photo or video sharing (Boyd & Ellison, â€Å"Social Network Sites: Definition, History, and Scholarship†). According to a study conducted by ECAR Research Study (2008), it was found that SNSs were particularly well-liked among the under-graduates. Facebook was observed to be the social networking site of choice among the majority of respondents. The data also found that around 85.1% of the respondents were users of SNSs. Therefore, the attraction towards social networking sites is undeniable. The prime advantage that these sites provide is related to getting as well as staying in touch (Educause Center for Applied Research, â€Å"Social Networking S ites†) The social networking sites provide advantages for the business organizations as they can use flash advertisements of their products in order to capture the attention of varied users while they browse these SNSs. Thus, it provides a creative selling opportunity for the users. In terms of cost-benefit point of view, the advantages that this kind of advertisement provides to business organizations are immense. As compared to other media, this method of advertising is quite cost-effective for the businesses. It also provides a scope to target large consumer segment that are present in different parts of the world. Therefore, from the business’ point of view SNSs provides a unique opportunity to showcase their offerings to people (Oracle ThinkQuest, â€Å"Why Use Networking Sites?†). The SNSs provide people with an opportunity to create as well as maintain relationships, gather information on various subjects; provides an opportunity to contribute and also par ticipate in various social issues and causes, and enables professional networking which is invaluable for a jobseeker as well as employer. SNSs also enable newscasters to keep the users aware of the recent events. The sharing of knowledge and experience can be invaluable though SNSs as users belonging to different fields such as education, medicine, finance, technology and others can advice people regarding their queries on public forums (Boise Public Library, â€Å"Tweeting Isn’t Just for the Birds†). The social networking sites enable political organizations to be in contact directly with the public in more personal way. This makes these political organizations more reachable, personable, as well as comprehending with regard to the individuals that generally follow their activities or participate in them. As the SNSs are spread across the global arena,

The negative effects of obesity on youth Research Paper

The negative effects of obesity on youth - Research Paper Example Being influenced by the popular culture and general perceptions, young people sometimes resort to dietary choices and leisure and recreation habits, which give way to weight gain and the related negative medical and emotional effects. However, the latest trend that is more alarming is the prevalence of obesity amongst the young people, giving way to not only a high susceptibility to life threatening diseases but also resulting in many debilitating emotional and psychological consequences and diseases, which have a drastic negative effect on the lives of young people. Statistics It is, indeed, an irony that diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders that are linked to obesity and were more prevalent in senior adults could today as likely be traced amongst the young people (â€Å"Obesity Related Statistics in America† 1). The proportion of young children and adolescents that could be technically considered as being obese is increasing ever more rapidly than before (à ¢â‚¬Å"Obesity Related Statistics in America† 1). ... The figures that do solicit the attention of parents, schools and health services are the facts that convincingly lead to the conclusion that the incidence of obesity amongst the adolescents has expanded by four times in the last three decades (â€Å"Obesity Related Statistics in America† 1). This means that the young people today are four times more likely to suffer from obesity related diseases and psychological ailments than they were just 30 years ago. Possible Causes and Reasons for Obesity amongst Youth There is no denying the fact that the youth of today tends to eat more and leads a lifestyle that is quite different from the generations of yore (â€Å"America’s Epidemic of Youth Obesity† 1). The life of young people today is more prone to being sedentary and activities free (â€Å"America’s Epidemic of Youth Obesity† 1). Besides, going by the influx of virtual sources of entertainment, young people do prefer to spend much more time sitting b efore television sets, computers and video games rather than sweating it out on the playgrounds (â€Å"America’s Epidemic of Youth Obesity† 1). Societal changes have also to do with this propensity towards sedentary lifestyles and obesity. With two-income families and a rise in the number of single parent households, young people are more prone to consuming a higher degree of calories in the form of cheap fast foods and high calorie sugary drinks and sweets (â€Å"America’s Epidemic of Youth Obesity† 1). The augmenting number of activism and protests against the fast food chains such as Big Macs do say a lot as far as the task of accounting for rising obesity amongst the young people is concerned. In that context, young people hailing from low income

Leadership, A good leader Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Leadership, A good leader - Essay Example The history of leadership can be traced back to two phases of theories, the classic theories (before 1938) and the contemporary theories (after 1938). A leader plays a very important role in binding a team together and guiding them through the phases of problems and solving them, as well. A good leader is one, who can maintain his poise and dignity, level-headedness and expertise; and yet, be a part of the team and lead them. He possesses a clear vision and very often, discusses things out with his team mates. The article discusses these various theories that have emerged through the years, which all emphasize different leadership styles. "Superior leaders get things done with very little motion. They impart instruction not through many words, but through a few deeds. They keep informed about everything but interfere hardly at all. They are catalysts, and though things would not get done as well if they were not there, when they succeed they take no credit. And, because they take no credit, credit never leaves them," said Lao Tzu There exist numerous types of leaders---Autocratic, Bureaucratic, Participative, Laissez Faire and Paternalistic. Each of these kinds is distinctive and clear-cut in terms of its approach and the general perception. Autocratic leadership is characterised by close supervision, wherein the leader dons the most important role. The authoritarian gives clear and precise directions; and therefore assumes the top stop with authority. He or she offers no room for employee initiative or independent thoughts. There exists no room for discussions and sharing of ideas, since it is all one-sided. Employees do not participate in decision making and are more like obedient executioners of the plan of action imposed by the leader. In other words, the leader is the most important person, without whom the team crumbles into shambles. He or she becomes the be-all of the team and often is perceived as the face of the entire team. This is very often perceived as the least effective method of motivation, due to the non-participatory element in this form of leadership. The next form of leadership is the Bureaucratic form of leadership. This form of leadership focuses on the institution's rules and policies. It is more or less a statutory form of leadership, that follows theoretical principles with adherence. There exists an apprehension to take chances and management is done "by the book". There are no departures from the rules that are generally accepted. Attempts at creativity of thinking out of the box is something that is not synonymous with this kinds of leadership, more so because of the sheer dedication to rules and book material.

Film Analysis of final sequence in Se7en Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Film Analysis of final sequence in Se7en - Essay Example While Mills is controlling Doe at gunpoint, Doe talks about how much he admires Mills, but does not explain why. Somerset opens the box and shrinks back in horror at the scene of the contents in the box. He runs back to advise Mills not to pay attention to Doe, but the murderer discloses that the box has Mills wife’s head. Informing that he had bought information about Mills by pretending as a tabloid reporter, Doe declares that he symbolize the sin of "Envy" as he was envious of Mills ordinary life, and murdered Tracy after unable to "play husband" with her. He then torments the distressed Mills with the information that Tracy was expecting. Somerset is powerless to control Mills as he empties his gun into Doe, becoming the incarnation of "Wrath". After a  highly shaken and dazed Mills is taken away, Somerset is asked where he will be to which he answers, "around". The most significant scene in the clip is when Doe is inciting Mills and at the same time Somerset is trying t o reason with Mills. The two distinct but overlapping voices are playing in the background and finally Mills shoots Doe. Narrative Function - The last scene brings out the remaining two sin and two bodies as told by Doe to the police. The last scene connects the dot or clues which were spread over the entire movie. Doe craves for a normal life yet feels he has to do his duty of punishing the sinners. He sees that Mills is short tempered. Doe feels he himself is a sinner as he is envious of Mills’ life. The last scene shows three people behaving completely different from one another. The sequence makes it clear to the audience why Doe turned himself in. The sequence brings out very clearly the three different personalities. Here it is seen that Mills is an emotional person while Somerset is more stable and logical. Even in dire and extreme situations Somerset chooses to think and act. Doe on the other hand is clearly shown as the patient person, who

The early history of Eduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The early history of Eduction - Essay Example This paved the way for determining how man could move ahead and thus acquire new ways and means through which he could be a part of the educated clan. As far as the private education domains are concerned, these have focused a great deal on how education is instilled within the society by means which are not run under the aegis of the government, rather by private entities and bodies who oversee that education is given to those who are ready to pay for it, and pay well. In entirety, education that is understood well is the education that is meant for everyone. If private education is expensive, it is because it was always like this and same will be the case in the coming times as well (Boyles, 2005). Hence gaining education is always a privilege and should always be thought as such because it helps solve the quandaries that are present within the societies and shape up the personalities of individuals on a consistent basis. Works Cited Boyles, Deron R. Schools or Markets? Commerciali sm, Privatization and School-Business Partnerships. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, NJ, 2005

Module 4 Case Assignment Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Module 4 Case Assignment - Coursework Example e products of the company include basic food products as well as premium services like cooking recipes, labels and cooking lessons to the target and potential customer groups of the company. The outputs of the Whole Foods Market can be measured in terms of the revenues, goods and services, community impacts, job creation, shareholder value creation and service or policy outcomes. In this respect, the company shows high levels of efficiency and congruence. Additionally, the performances and the behaviors of the different departments, teams and business units of the company seem to be much effective in terms of maintaining standard, compliance and congruency. The main goals of the Whole Foods Market Company are to provide high quality and standard organic food to the target customer group in the market. Additionally, the quality of the food products marketed and sold by Whole Foods Market and the high level of social responsibility shown by the company add to the effectiveness of the company at the organizational level or topmost level of evaluation as per the Nadler and Tushman’s Congruence model. The main goal of Whole Food Markets as a leading organization in its industry of operation is to perform in a competitive, consistent and sustainable manner so that it can maintain its financial profitability and strong brand reputation in the markets of operation he outputs of the company seem to be sufficient in satisfying the corporate and strategic objectives set in the company. The Whole Foods Market is one of the leading organic food retailers and supermarkets in the world. The main mission of eh company is to promote the strength s of the organization and its individual entities by ensuring the delivery of high quality of products and services. Also, the company aspires to enhance the business to become the leading food retailer in the community as measured from the perspective of corporate social responsibility. The Whole Food Market is ranked 12th in the social

Major Ingredient Groups, Specifications Supplier Review

Major Ingredient Groups, Specifications Supplier Review Karl Chamberlain Introduction The quality, consistency and safety of ingredients are a key factor in the success of any food manufacturing business. Due to this, it is vital that the ingredients and suppliers used by the business are carefully chosen and any problems with raw materials are addressed promptly. The major ingredient groups utilised within the UK Food Manufacturing sector There a seven ingredient groups which are utilised within the food manufacturing sector in the United Kingdom. The first of these groups is vegetables. Vegetables are foods that have originated from a plant and are eaten in savoury dish. While most vegetables can be eaten raw, they are often cooked prior to eating to make them softer and more edible. Some common examples of vegetables are potatoes, carrots and lettuce. Another ingredient group used within the UK food-manufacturing sector is fruits. A fruit is a part of a flower, specifically the matured or enlarged ovary of the flower and any parts or seeds that are attached to it. There are hundreds of edible fruits, with thousands of different varieties of each one, and each fruit has its own distinct taste. Some examples of fruits are apples, pears, oranges and strawberries. A further ingredient group that is used is cereal crops. Cereals are the grain or seeds from grasses, they have a high nutrient content as they are made to store nutrients for the grass that would have grown from the seed. Common examples of cereal crops are wheat, oats, maize, rye, barley and rice. Meats are another ingredient group that is used within food manufacture within the U.K. Lea meats are the flesh or muscular tissue of animals. Meats are a protein rich food and will generally be cooked prior to eating. Offal is another type of meat that is the internal organs of the animal such as the kidneys or liver. Often meat is processed, particularly parts of the animal that cannot be sold as lean meat, and made into other products such as sausages and burgers. Fish is also recognised as being a part of the meat ingredient group. Moreover, another ingredient group is the dairy group. Dairy products are any products that are made from the milk of animals, traditionally from cows or goats. The dairy ingredient group includes milk, cream, yoghurt and cheese. Milk products contain most of the essential nutrients needed for humans, although they typically contain high levels of fat. Herbs and spices are often regarded as being part of the same ingredient group although they are actually two separate groups. A herb is a plant which stem is not made from woody tissue. In food, often the fresh or dried leaves of the plant are used to flavour the food, with common examples being thyme and rosemary. Spices are also used to add flavour to a food product but they are made from parts of ‘dry’ plants such as the seeds, fruit or bark. Common examples of spices include mustard and cinnamon. Spices and herbs generally do not add any nutritional content to the product. The appropriate content of ingredient specifications Ingredient specifications are essential as they ensure that the products manufacturers receive from their suppliers are consistent the same and as a reference should any issues be found with the ingredient. A good ingredient specification will include a variety of information including supplier information, product information, ingredient details, packaging details, quality assurance standards and microbiological standards. The supplier information included in the specification should include contact details (including emergency contact details) for the supplier (and from the manufacturer if the supplier has not manufactured the product). The specification should also include the sites EEC number for meat, poultry and fish. The product information should include a description of the product, including individual and unit size, labelling and coding details, details of traceability information used (such as batch number or job number), correct storage conditions and details of product shelf life. It should also include details of any allergens that the ingredient contains. The ingredient information included in the specification should include information about any ingredients used in the product including quantities, supplier, county of origin and specification. This is to ensure that should any issues be found with the product, it can be traced back to the supplier of each ingredient used in it. Packaging standards are a further thing that should be included on a good ingredient specification. This should include both initial packaging as well as any secondary packaging such as baskets, pallet containers etc. Details of the type, size, material, type of seal and colour should be included. This ensures that the ingredient is consistently supplied in the same type of packaging which prevents any issues further down the line such as an ingredient coming in on a pallet without pallet layers on a site that does not allow this. The raw material specification should also include information about the quality assurance standards for the ingredient. This will include targets and what is and is not acceptable on things such as flavour, texture, visual, defects, foreign bodies and chemical analysis. It should also include details of the HACCP system in place at the supplier. Should any issues be found with the ingredient, having information on the quality assurance standards for the ingredient will provide something to refer to when checking if the suppliers tolerances are being met. A final thing which should be included in an ingredient specification are details of microbiological standards for the product including details of types of analysis carried out, frequency, what it is tested for and what the targets and limits for the ingredient are. The processes and practices typically involved in a Food Manufacturing operation with regard to â€Å"Ingredient Supplier Approval† Supplier approval is vital to any food business in order to ensure that any new ingredients used in their products are safe and of consistently good quality. The supplier approval process will begin with a development chef, or possibly a member of purchasing if the new ingredient is replacing a previous one, sourcing a new ingredient. Once the ingredient has been sourced, a risk assessment must be carried out for it. This should focus on the physical properties and nutritional aspects of the ingredient and any issues that may be caused by these, such as trapped foreign bodies inside lettuce heads. For many ingredients, particularly ones that have been processed, it is advisable to look at a full HACCP based assessment to determine any further risks that the particular ingredient may pose. This will allow the buyer to decide whether the product is safe to use or if any acceptable limits need to be set on contamination. Next, the supplier of the ingredient must be evaluated. This often starts with a questionnaire that is sent to a supplier. Ideally, this should ask if the company has a HACCP system in place, external accreditation such as BRC, what the GMP procedures are, internal auditing systems used and traceability systems in place. The supplier will then be scored against the answers given. While completing this questionnaire with a high score is not always enough to approve the supplier, a supplier with a particularly low score, especially the food safety questions, should not be approved. The next stage in the supplier approval process is to send a member of the technical or quality assurance team to the supplier to verify the processes and documentation discussed in the questionnaire. This stage may be unnecessary for some suppliers that are already audited by recognised external auditors or if the supplier already supplies the company with another product. The above stages should give the purchasing and technical teams enough information on the ingredient and supplier to decide whether to accept or reject them. Once all of the stages of the process have been carried out the supplier and purchasing company should sign off on the supplier’s status as an approved supplier. The company should keep a database of current approved suppliers, including details of any audits carried out and any issues that have occurred with the suppliers ingredients. Techniques used by Food Manufacturers for the ongoing assessment of ingredient supply Once a supplier is approved, both the supplier and its ingredients must be assessed from time to time to ensure that the ingredients they supply are of a consistently good safe standard. There are a number of techniques that can be used to do this. Firstly, the incoming ingredients should be inspected on delivery. A certificate of analysis should be sent along with the incoming product. These certificates should be checked to ensure that the product meets the required standards. The ingredients themselves should be checked by intake staff to ensure that they are visually acceptable, at the correct temperature and no signs of foreign body or pest contamination are present. Samples of the raw material should also be taken and sent for laboratory testing to â€Å"determine the presence or amounts of chemical, biological or physical contaminants†. A further technique used for the ongoing assessment of ingredient supply is regular supplier audits. A supplier audit involves a member of the company, usually from the technical team, going to visit the site at set intervals. There are a number of things that the supplier audit should check for. Firstly, it should confirm that the site has a written food safety system in place that includes procedures and a preventative system such as a HACCP system. Foreign body and allergen controls should also be looked at, as well as the results of any third party audits. The audit of the supplier should also check the basics of the operation are being done correctly. This could include a well maintained site and equipment which allows for proper cleaning, effective pest control, effective chemical control and a good standard of staff training (especially in food safety). The supplier’s quality program should be checked during a suppler audit to ensure that there are systems in place to test the quality of finished products; this could be done by microbiological sampling, taste panels or a variety of other methods. Furthermore the supplier audit should also be used to check that the suppliers management structure encourage food safety, as a site whose management does not promote food safety will likely cause problems for its customers. A further technique that can be used to assess the ongoing quality of ingredient supply is to raise a non-conformance or corrective action request should an ingredient not meet the specifications set out. When an ingredient deviates from the spec information should be sent to the supplier with a request for an investigation to be carried out, along with details of corrective actions put in place to stop the issue reoccurring. Each time a supplier is given a non-conformance it should be recorded in a log so that it is possible to track any reoccurring issues or problem suppliers.

Aggregate Sales and Operations Planning

Aggregate Sales and Operations Planning Many companies adopt a business process known as sales and operations planning (SOP) to strike a balance between the demand and supply so that the costs of the resources is minimised. The plan aids to solve the problems related to customer satisfaction, inventories stock, timely shipments, finger pointing at others, cash-flow glitches, demand and supply etc. through execution of business plan. The sales and operations planning gives a better grip of the business to the top management. The sales and operations planning processes comprises of a number of meetings, ultimately ending with high level meetings where intermediate-term decisions are finalised. An agreement between various departments on the future actions is done so that the balance between demand and supply can be met. The aim is to put the business plans to actual operational plans. It is difficult to estimate how much of the individual product would sell but the larger groups of products sale can be evaluated. The term aggregate refers to the group of products. With the help of this aggregate plan, the weekly and daily individual products demand is handled. Overview of Major Operations Planning Activities Sales and operations planning assists the organisations to balance the demand and supply. This process is also called aggregate planning. This planning involves functioning of all the activities of the organisation like sales, manufacturing, operations, finance etc. The marketing team develops a sales plan for the coming 3 to 18 months. The plan is in units of aggregate product groups. They also plan their marketing schemes and offers. The operations department develop the actual operational plan for the production related activities. Keeping in mind the sales volume, the plans to meet the demand are made. However this is a not an easy task, since the demand keeps on changing with seasons and market situation. On the supply side, the product families comprise the aggregate whereas the groups of customers fall in the demand side of aggregate plan. Generally, the sales and operations planning is done once in a month. It associates the business and the strategic plan to the actual operational processes . The diagram below shows that for manufacturing processes like master scheduling, material requirements planning and order scheduling are prepared. The weekly/daily workforce and customer scheduling is also planned. . Long-range planning is done for companys long term actions i.e. more than one year Medium-range planning is done for the coming 3 to 18 months, with weekly, monthly or quarterly time increments. Short-range planning is for periods ranging from one day to six months, with daily or weekly time increments. Process planning is done for accessing the new technologies and improved processes for developing products or services. Strategic planning is done to determine the long-term needs for the production like incre asing the number of factories. Sales and operations planning is done by taking the sales plan from marketing and then using it to develop the corresponding operational plan which can balance the demand and supply needs. The aggregate operational plan is almost the same for the services and manufacturing industries. The only difference lies in the inventory control and production procedures. However, the manufacturing and service activities are different from each other. The aggregate plans needs to be updated timely depending on the specific industry needs. In manufacturing, the planning process involves following processes. Master production schedule (MPS) Rough-cut capacity planning Material requirements planning (MRP) Capacity requirements planning Order scheduling The MPS consists of the dates and the amounts of specific items required for each order. Rough capacity planning checks the production and warehouse units. It also monitors the equipment, labour and material availability. MRP uses the end product requirements from the MPS and finds out the component parts and subassemblies requirement for creating the material plan. The plan tells when the production and purchase orders are placed so that the products are made as per schedule. The Capacity requirement for the production is also done during the MRP. Order scheduling specifies the daily and weekly action plan for production lines and work place. In service industry, the aggregate manpower is determined. Then the customer and the workforce scheduling during the day and the week is done. Workforce schedules specify the number of hours for which the service is available, the specific skill requirement needed at a particular period etc. Overview of Major Operations Planning Activities Process planning Long Range Strategy capacity planning Sales and operations (aggregate) planning Forecasting and demand management Aggregate operations paln Sales plan Medium Range Master Scheduling Material requirements planning Order scheduling Weekly workforce and customer scheduling Short Range Daily workforce and customer scheduling The Aggregate Operations Plan The main motive of the aggregate plan is to strike a balance among production rate, workforce level and inventory on hand. Production rate refers to the number of units produced during a period of time(per hour or per day) Workforce level is the manpower required for the production (Production = production rate X workforce level) Inventory on hand is the un-used stock lying in the reserves previously. The data for the planning is derived from the corporate annual plan. So depending on the number of units required in the future or the amount of sales to be achieved, the aggregate plan is made. The other approach to make the aggregate plan is by simulating the production schedule and evaluating the requirements of labour and equipments. The plan is further modified by cut-and-try or mathematical methods to come to a final low-cost plan. Fig: Required Inputs to the Production Planning System Competitors behaviour Raw material availability Market demand External to firm External capacity (like contractors) Economic conditions Planning for production Internal to firm Acitvities required for production Current physical capacity Current workforce Inventory levels Production Planning Strategies There are mainly three production planning strategies. These strategies are applied in different situations and deal differently with manpower, working hours, inventories etc. Chase Strategy: Hiring and laying off of employees takes place to match the order rate to the production rate. There should be a number of trained people available who can be hired. Also some employees may slow down their work due to the fear of being expelled after the work gets over. Stable workforce- variable work hours : The number of employees are kept constant and the working hours are increased or decreased as and when required. This strategy avoids the hassles of hiring and firing the employees. Level Strategy : A constant workforce works with a constant production rate. The effects of shortage or excess products are borne by the company. The disadvantage of this strategy is the inventory items may become obsolete after sometime. When only one strategy is used by the company to meet the demand, it is known as Pure Strategy. A Mixed Strategy is one in which a combination of two or more strategies is used. Subcontracting : The work is outsourced by the company in case there is a large change in demand. This can be used as an alternative to hiring and firing employees. However, the quality of the product may decrease if the supplier is not good. Relevant Costs There are four costs to be dealt with by the aggregate plan Basic production costs : These are the costs incurred in producing the product in a given time. This includes both fixed and variable costs, direct and indirect labour costs. etc Costs associated with the changes in the production rate : The costs involved in hiring, training and laying off people. Inventory holding costs : This cost includes the capital invested in the inventory. It also includes insurance, taxes, storing costs. Backordering costs : These are hard to evaluate and include cost of expediting, loss of goodwill, and loss resulting due to backordering. Aggregate Planning Techniques Companies use cut-and-try charting and graphic methods to develop aggregate plans. Cut-and-try involves calculating the costs in various production planning alternatives and choosing the one which is the best. Spreadsheets, simulation and linear programming are often incorporated in such spreadsheets. The mathematical techniques are used when the cost and variable relationships are linear and demand can be assumed to be deterministic. Yield Management The process of allocating the right type of capacity to the right type of customer at the right price and time to maximize the revenue. It can also be used to make the demand more predictable. This system was started in the mid-1980s by American Airlines computer reservation system (SABRE). The ticket price on any route changed according to the demand forecast. This is also applied to hotels where the same room is offered at different prices in different seasons.